Learning objectives

• Emphasize the importance of dentin preservation in the peri-cervical area.
• Explain the MFD (Maximum Flute Diameter) of root canal instruments.
• Show the different alloys available in the market and their advantages and disadvantages.
• Show how new contemporary systems can help us to reduce the risk of iatrogenic errors and preserve the paracervical dentin without compromising the other phases of the treatment.